Material composition of spark plug

This image shows the material composition of spark plug. 

A spark plug has a metal threaded shell. It is electrically isolated from the electrode in the centre bg a porcelain insulator. The central electrode is connected to the output terminal using an insulated wire. The metal shell of the plug is electrically grounded by screwing the engine's cylinder head. The central electrode passes through the combustion chamber.  

-Corrugation prevents the reversal of spark 

-Alumina ceramic is used as an insulator 

-Zinc plate is coated with chromate

-Copper core is used to give high conductivity

Material composition of Car outer shell

Let's learn the material composition of the outer layer of a vechicle which has become a part of our daily life.

This image shows the outer shell material of car. 

Our car which is having mutiple composition and vareities of materials used such as Aluminium, Steel, Mild Steel, Bake Hardened steel, Poly corbonate and platics material. Each material has its own composition with carbon content. This helps to improve the quality aethetics and weight reduction in automobiles. 

Aluminium - weightless matal

Steel materials - High strength metal

Poly carbonate - Toughest polymer

Plastics - Multiple mixture of carbon materials

Career Guidance ( BBA in Logistics and Supply Chain Management)

Profile on: BBA Logistics and Supply Chain Management

Core: Logistics and Supply Chain

Description: 

Eligibility - 10+2 

Course duration - 3 years

Admission - Based on either merit or entrance test

Employment opportunity:

Shipping Companies

Air, Rail and Road Transportation firms

Ports and Harbours

Consultation Agencies

MNCs and Business Houses

Import-Export Firms

Logistics Companies

Jobs - 

Logistics manager

Supply chain manager

Consultant

Assistant Manager

Salary: 10-25K per month

Sources:

https://www.apnaahangout.com/bba-in-logistics-supply-chain-management/

https://www.collegedekho.com/bba-logistics_management-colleges-in-india/

career( library and information science)

Profile on: Bachelor of Library and Information Science - B. LISc.(Certification course)

Core: Library and society

Description:

Eligibility - Bachelor degree in any stream

Course duration - 1 year

Admission - Based on cut off/ direct admission

Jobs - 

Librarian 

(Government organisations like DRDO, ICAR, ISIR)

(schools, colleges, corporate houses, library networks, Libraries of Newspapers, Publication Companies)

Record Manager

Law Librarian

Deputy Librarian

Library Assistant

Semi-Professional Assistant

Archivist

Library attendant 

Application Specialist

Cataloguer

Indexer

Salary: Rs. 2L to 6L

Sources: 

https://www.collegedekho.com/courses/bachelor-library-information-science/

https://www.shiksha.com/b-lib-i-sc-bachelor-of-library-and-information-science-chp

career guidance (PLC SCADA)

Profile on: PLC SCADA (certification course)

(used to control and monitor physical processes, examples of which are transmission of electricity, transportation of gas and oil in pipelines, water distribution, traffic lights, and other systems used as the basis of modern society) helps to communicate with industrial based sensors and automation systems 

Core: All engineering fields 

Description: 

Eligibility :

BE/ BTech / BSc/ MSc/ Diploma Engineers of Electrical, Electronics & communication, Instrumentation, Mechatronics branches

 

Working professionals from various industries 

ITI students with industrial experience 

Also students as summer course 

Course duration : 3 months for complete Knowledge 

Fees: 46k with GST depends on the institution 

Admission : 

Through online registration  or direct contact to the institution 

Also available in some government institution 

Job description:

All automation industries

for all departments of engineering in both private and public sector projects 

Can start their own startup as per the need 

Salary: 3.5L per annum depends on reputation of industries and the employee's skills 

Source :

http://nielit.gov.in/calicut/course-calendar?coursecode=PC500

https://www.technocratautomation.net/plc-scada-training-in-chennai.html

https://ipcsautomation.com/process-control-automation-training-institute-chennai/

This is the well known course with larger needs in MNC automation as well as consumer manufacturing industries with life time job opportunity if learned with full attraction

Career Guidance (Forestry)

Profile on:

Forestry

Core:

Forest management

Description:

Eligibility - 12th

Course duration -

4 years - B. Sc Forestry

Admission - 

Based on both merit and entrance exam.

Exams like ICAR AIIEEA, JCECE, and many other state and university level exams. Few colleges also except the test score of HORTICET 2020 (Horticulture Common Entrance Test)

Job description:

Employment opportunity:

Government/private -

Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education

Forestry Research Institutes

Forest Departments

Zoological Parks

Horticulture Departments

Wildlife Research Institutes

Wildlife Department

National Parks and Sanctuaries

Wildlife Ranges

Forest Nurseries

College & Universities

Jobs -

Assistant Manager

Farming Manager

School Teacher

Professor

Agri-Credit Manager

Nursing Manager

Pay scale - Rs. 3L - 10L per annum

Sources: 

https://www.collegedekho.com/courses/bsc-forestry/

https://collegedunia.com/courses/bachelor-of-science-bsc-forestry

Career Guidance (Optometry)

Profile on:

Optometry ( healthcare profession of measuring vision, prescribes and fit lenses to improve vision, and detecting & treat various eye diseases)

Core:

Allied medicine ( Eye doctor) 

Description:

Eligiblity - 12th (biology group)

Course duration - 

1 year -cerification course 

2 years- diploma course

After completing this you can become an optician

4 years- B.Sc optometry and B. Opto

After completing this,  you can become an optometrist 

Or you can do masters

M.Sc optometry or M.Opto

After completing this,  you can do PhD,  MS and M.Phil

After completing this you can become a complete ophthalmologist 

Admission -

Based on NEET exam score

(college lists are given in link) 

Job description :

Optician : assistant for ophthalmologist or optometrist

Optometrist : after degree, have to pass in administered exam to get proper liscence. And they are allowed to examine the patients eye regularly 

Ophthalmologist : after 8 years of field work ( 4 year degree+  1 year internship + 3 years in residency program)  they are the complete physician,  they are specialized in surgery,  services,  diagnosis etc.,

Employment opportunity:

Government/private -

Government Hospitals

Private Hospitals for all categories 

Clinical Research

Special eye officers in industries 

Lens manufacturing industries 

Private opticals

Pay scale-

Optician -1.5 L per annum (as per experience) 

Optometrist -2.5L- nearly 4.5 L per annum 

Ophthalmologist: 5 L- 7L per annum 

Sources: (View through blog. Link in bio).

https://www.sarvgyan.com/courses/medical/optometry

https://www.collegedekho.com/para-medical/optometry-colleges-in-tamil-nadu/

This field won't meet any deflation in future. 

As we know that everyone is meeting with eye problem from new infant to old infant. So this is best option with less employees.

Career Guidance (Doctorate of Pharmacy)

Profile on:

Doctorate of Pharmacy (Pharm. D)

Core:

Pharmaceutics

Description:

Eligiblity - 12th 

Course duration - 6 years (5 years academic program + 1 year internship) 

Admission -

Based on entrance exam

NEET is not required

Employment opportunity:

Government/private -

Government Hospitals

Private Hospitals

NGOs

Clinical Research Organizations

Pharmaceutical Industry

Pharmacy Colleges/Institutes

Jobs-

Pharmacist

Medicinal Instructor

Research professional

Marketing professional  (Pharmaceutical Industry)

Administrative posts 

Quality Control Officer

Drug Inspector

Pay scale-

Person - 3.5 L - 10 L per annum

Pharmacies - nearly 15 L per annum

Sources: (View through blog. Link in bio).

https://www.apnaahangout.com/pharm-d/

https://www.indiaeducation.net/pharmacy-b-pharm-and-d-pharm.html

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Live this moment, learn every second! 🔥 Let's learn together! 🤝🏻 Follow @mechonmanidhan for daily updates.

#research #pharmacy #pharmd #courses #colleges #medicine #pharmaceutics #careeropportunities #scope #futurescope #furtherstudies #career #learning #neet #doctor

Career Guidance ( Handloom and Textile Technology)

Profile on:

Handloom and Textile Technology

Core:

Textile Fibres, Yarn Manufacturing, Weaving, Textile Processing, Fibre Science

Description:

Eligibility - 

Diploma (3years) - 10th

B. Tech (4years) - 12th

Admission -

Diploma - direct admission

B. Tech - JEE Main Exam

Employment Opportunity:

Public sector- 

H P State Handicrafts and Handlooms Corporation Limited

Handloom Export Promotion Council

Institute of Handloom and Textile Technology

National Handloom Development Corporation Limited 

Private Sector-

All India Handloom Apparels Private Limited

Nirmal Handloom House Private Limited 

Jobs-

Handloom weaver

Superintendent

Junior Assistant

Assistant Manager

Deputy Manager

Senior Manager

Chief Manager 

Pay Scale - 

Chief Manager - Rs.32900-58000

Senior Manager - Rs.29100-54500

Deputy manager - Rs. 20600-46500  

Superintendent - Rs. 10800-24500 

Sources:

http://entrance-exam.net/jobs-in-handloom-sector/

https://after10thwhat.com/polytechnic-courses/diploma-in-handloom-technology.html/

http://www.iihtsalem.edu.in/academics/programmes/diploma-programs/diploma-in-handloom-textile-technology/

Process flow of paper goods

This image show the process of manufacturing paper goods. With the process of pulping, the wood chips are pulped. Pulping is a process that extracts fibrous material and cellulose from wood or raw material. This process liberates fibres from other chemicals and impurities in the wood. With the process of ink removal, waste paper is processed as paper pulp. This process is called deinking. 

Bleaching is a process which helps to whiten the material by removing the colouring components. Obtained pulp undergoes the process of bleaching. The bleached pulp is further processed and paper goods are made. 

PC: Google images

Healing benefits of coconut

This image shows the benefits of using coconut. Let's learn more about its importance. 

Coconut is rich in fats and minerals. They are high in manganese, which is essential for bone health. They are also rich in iron and copper which helps in forming RBC. Coconut has selenium which is an important antioxidant that protect your cells. 

Scientists have found that people who frequently eat coconut have lower rate of heart disease. Consuming coconut oil which is extracted from dried coconut meat may reduce belly fat. 

Coconut are rich in fibre and fat and so it stabilises your sugar level. It's a versatile one in kitchen and works well in all kinds of food. Add it in your diet, live a healthy life!🥥

Pc: Google images

Wildfires

This image shows 'fire triangle' as named by firefighters. Here's what you need to know about wildfires.🔥

Wildfire is an uncontrollable fire that occurs in a forest area or in the area of combustible vegetation. Wildfires differ from others by its size and speed of spreading. This has the potential to change its direction unexpectedly. 

Wildfires occur when all elements in fire triangle come together in a susceptible area. Firefighters battle blazes by depriving them of one or more of the fire triangle fundamentals. Only 10 to 15 percent of wildfires occur on their own due to lightning, volcanic eruption, spark from rockfalls. About 85 to 90 percent occur as a result of human activities, including unattended camp and debris fires, discarded cigarettes, and arson.

The spreading of wildfire is based on the amount of flammable material present in it. Based on it, they are classified as Ground fires, Surface fires, Ladder fires and Aerial fires.

the kitchen garden - Fruits

This image shows the procedure to grow a pineapple from a fresh one. Let's look into the process. 

Take a fresh pineapple. Make sure it is golden brown and not underripe. Cut off the leaves from the fruit as shown in the image(1). Trim the extra leaves in the lower part (2) without damaging the stem. Now, you have to dry the crown for a week by turning upside down (3). After this process, place the crown in a glass of water (4). Make sure only the lower portion of the crown is soaked in water. [Tip: you can use toothpick on four sides of the crown to hold the leaf away from water] Within few days, you will notice the growth of roots at the bottom (5). Then, transfer it to a pot (6). Keep the plant moist and warm.  Within few months you will notice the growth of red cone in the center (7). It takes several months for the growth of a pineapple (8, 9). The pineapple will grow from the flower, centre of the plant. (10, 11). It takes around six months for the fruit to fully develop (12). 

Why don't we try?🍍

Kitchen Gardening

This image shows the herbs and the condition needed to grow. These herbs can be raised in kitchen garden.Let's learn to do Kitchen Garden and have some quality time in this lockdown period!

Basic steps:

Step #1 - Find an apt place for the pots. 3-6 hours of sunlight per day is essential for kitchen garden plants. Make sure you expose all the parts of kitchen plant to sunlight. 

Step #2 - Apart from mud pots, you can also use glass bottles or containers. But make sure there's a small hole at the bottom as a drainage hole. For maintaining the moisture, use pebbles for an inch at the bottom.

Step #3 - Mix regular soil with red soil so that it can give more minerals to plants. However, you need to add organic matter or compost to it. 

Step #4 - Sow the seed. After sowing, you need to cover the pot with a mesh so that it prevents excess sunlight to seeds. 

 

Step #5 - Watering the plants is the next important step. Always there should be some space on the top so that water doesn't overflow. In order to check you can place your finger in the soil for an inch and find if it's dry or not. 

Tip-

You can fertilise the soil each month using pieces of banana peel / egg shell. 

Carbon Sequestration

Carbon sequestration is the process of storing carbon dioxide or other forms of carbon. This slow down the accumulation of greenhouse gases, which are released by burning the fossil fuels.

Let's look into the Terrestrial Sequestration. During the process of photosynthesis, CO2 is absorbed from air and in the end it is sequestered in the soil. When farmers plough the land, stored CO2 is released in to air. Hence, tilling should be minimised and as a result, CO2 can be stored in the soil. 

In order to cope up this issue, there is an approach called Climate Smart Agriculture. Aim of this approach is to reduce the soil disturbance, implementing crop rotation and enhancing permanent soil cover. This can build resilience to climate change. Also, the agricultural productivity can be increased which in turn increases farmers' income. Let's plant trees and preserve nature!💚

Locust attack

Swarms of locusts have invaded India during the month of April. Let's go back to the root cause of this attack. 

Due to the warm waters in Western Indian Ocean, heavy rainfall occured in East Africa. Warm waters in Western Indian Ocean is due to a phenomenon called Indian Ocean Dipole ( water gets warmer to its west and cooler to its east). Global warming has amplified the dipole and has warmed the Western Indian Ocean. 

Locusts entered India before the usual period due to the excessive pre-monsoon rain during March-May. Monsoon rain during June-July may increase their rate of growth. Locusts may attack lakhs of food grains and can collapse our economy. 

On the whole, global warming is one of the reasons for this attack and so we need to take efforts to reduce the Earth's temperature. Let's save our planet, for a better future!💚

Sensor applications

There are various sensors used in silicon valley. Digital data network is upgrading regularly in which case control process plays a vital role. In order to control something, there should be a technology which can detect or sense. This picture explains the list of sensors to be used in the future. 

Pick and Place Robot

This image is the basic model of robotic arm which is having 6 axis control system. It is called as pick and place robot in industrial applications. It is controlled using electronic devices.

It is a programmable device and can act as per our command. It is also user friendly. U axis indicates the direction of up and down. T indicates twisting axis. B indicates the wrist of the robot and R indicates the rotational axis. All the system in robotic arm is completely controlled by servo motor.

Circuit of Emergency Lamp

This is an image showing the circuit of emergency lamp. Emergency lamp has a metal body and it has step down transformer, battery, electromagnetic relay, beam light, indicating lamp, bridge rectifier, toggle switch and a socket. 

When power supply is switched ON, voltage reaches the bridge rectifier. This rectifier coverts AC to DC and passes it to electromagnetic relay. As long as the power supply is switched ON, contact of relay remains open and it charges the battery. When power supply is turned OFF, relay is closed. When first switch is turned ON, relay light up the upper filament of deem lamp. When second switch is switched ON, lower filament of lamp is light up. This gives full brightness of light. 

It is used as one of the appliances in home, small workshops and industries. 

How foods affect our bodies?

This image shows how foods affect our bodies.

Nutrients such as vitamins and minerals in the food we consume play a vital role in performing the necessary physical functions of our body. When our body doesn't receive its requirements, rate of metabolic process is reduced.

Depending on the type of foods we eat, our heart pumps to exert energy.

For example, sodium intake may affect the heart rate and blood pressure. By consuming salty foods, body retains water to dilute the blood volume. This causes more blood to circulate throughout the body and heart works harder to exert energy.

Consuming healthy fats such as olive oil and whole grains can reduce the level of cholesterol. This improves the blood flow, which in turn makes the heart to pump blood in an easy manner, giving less strain and stress to the heart. Obviously, wellness of heart is maintained. 

Eat healthy foods & stay strong!

Working of Satellite

This image is the working of a satellite.

Communications satellites are essentially used to relay radio waves from one place on Earth to another. The best known modern communications satellite systems are probably INMARSAT and INTELSAT.

First, there's an uplink, where data is beamed to the satellite from a ground station on Earth. Next, the satellite processes the data using a number of onboard transponders. Finally, there's the downlink, where data is sent back down to another ground station on the Earth.

Circuit of Ceiling Fan

This image is the circuit connection of ceiling fan. 

Ceiling fan has a “capacitor start motor". AC single phase capacitor start motor has two winding; one is starting winding and another is running winding.

If it is has a capacitor start-capacitor run type motor, a capacitor is used in series with Starting Winding. This determines the direction of rotation. 

If capacitor is connected with running winding/main coil instead of starting winding/auxiliary coil then the direction of rotation is changed. That is, if you want to change the direction of rotation of the fan, just connect the capacitor with other winding.

Types of Bulb Holder

This image is the types of bulb holder.

There is a black hot wire which touches  the tab-shaped contact inside the socket. The contact touches the tip of the bulb.

Electricity flows through the hot 

wire into the brass tab in the center. Then it flows through the threaded base of the bulb into the the socket and out through the return wire.  

As long as the tab-shaped contact and base of the bulb hold tightly, it remains corrosion free.

Usually the tab-shaped contact wears out. If it occurs, you can re-bend it to make the socket work again.

Drain Cleaner

This image is Drain Cleaner. It has an automatic drain cleaning system which helps to remove all the waste materials from the water bodies. Even the polythene bags and plastic materials which are unable to decompose, can be collected using this machine. This specialised machine can separate each waste materials using its size and mass factors.

ATM Work Flow

ATM is made of CPU (microprocessor) which is the principal component. VDU (visual display unit) acts as the interface with the client as it comprises of screen and keyboard.  There is a Receipt printer which produces hard copies of all the transactions. It also has Card Reader and Money Dispensing Slots. A sensor determines if two or more bills are stuck together or if the wrong denomination was pulled and sends it to the rejection box.

Unusual ATMs:

1. Tech-Lending ATMs

2. Human ATM services

3. Palm Print-Scanning ATMs

4. Steampunk-Style ATMs

5. Digital Currency ATMs

6. Rainbow-Refurbished Charitable ATMs

7. Abuse-Reporting ATMs

8. Basketball-Inspired ATMs

9. Educational Candy ATMs

10. Biometric ATMs

11. Antimicrobial ATM

12. Human Bank Machines

13. ATM water Dispensers

14. Eye-Scanning Bank Machines

Crankshaft

This image is a Crankshaft. It is a rotating element inside the engine which converts the reciprocating motions of piston to rotatory one. This system is directly connected with clutch plates. The number of pistons connected with the Crankshaft depends on the requirement of engine power. 

Applications: From two wheeler to ship (All Internal Combustion Engine)

Metals for Manufacturing

This picture shows about the metals along with their composition and applications. 

In general, all metals are suitable for manufacturing a hard component. It depends on the composition of ferrous in the product. The mechanical behaviour of the material changes according to the characteristic of the material.

Working of Dynamo

This image is Dynamo. 

It is a device which converts mechanical energy in to electrical energy. It has stator and rotor coils. Working of dynamo is based on electro magnetic induction by changing the magnetic flux (12th Physics). Many electrical devices are working based on this principle. 

Purpose: Energy converter

Known fact: In bicycle, as a source of light

Journal bearing

This image is Plain Bearing. 

This is also known as Journal Bearing. It is invented in 1906. It is mostly used to connect the rotating element and fixed element in same plane. 

Purpose: Heat transfer

Usage: Automobiles